The Relation of Anthropological Foundation of the Theory of Bildung with the idea of University in the Thought of Wilhelm von Humboldt
Subject Areas :Ahmad Banyasady 1 , Mahdi Sajadi 2 * , khosrow Bagheri 3 , Meysam Sefidhkhosh 4
1 - Tarbiat Modares University
2 - استاد دانشگاه تربيت مدرس تهران
3 - Tehran University
4 -
Keywords: Anthropology, The idea of university, Bildung, Truth-seeking, university, Wilhelm von Humboldt ,
Abstract :
The theories of Bildung are among the most extensive theories in German thought. An illustration of Bilung is given by Wilhelm von Humboldt in the concept of university named after him as “Humboldtian University”. A certain anthropological framework plays an important role in this idea. The main purpose of this article is to, firstly, explain and identify the basic components of this framework. The next step is showing the relationship between these components and the pillars of the idea of a Humboldtian university. The results show that "human" in Humboldt's thought is not a predetermined being, rather the ideal of humanity will be raised through humans' purposeful and ongoing actions. Essentially, it depends - more than anything else - on the principle of freedom, the expansion of situations/ situations and empowerment conditions in an inclusive interactive context with the (non-human) world. It is also the achievement of a balanced and homogenous personality that this theory represents for human beings. In addition, the achievement of Bildung in the social field is the promotion of popular culture, which will bring it to the attention of the whole community. It is shown that Humboldt’s idea of the university also includes such features. The result of this research is expected to increase our insight into the theoretical foundations of one of the famous university ideals, the Humboldtian ideal, of which we as yet have paid little attention
منابع
باقری، خسرو (1391). تأملی بر روابط فرهنگ بازار و دانشگاه، مجله علوم تربیتی، (2)19. 22-7.
باقری، خسرو؛ سجادیه، نرگس؛ و توسلی، طیبه (1389). رویکردها و روشهای پژوهش در فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت. تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی.
سفیدخوش، میثم (اسفند، 1395). هومبلت و ایده تا سیس دانشگاه: تأملی در شرایط تکوّن نوشتار هومبلت در باب دانشگاه و تفسیر قطعاتی از آن. پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی.
فراستخواه، مقصود (1396). گاه و بیگاه دانشگاه در ایران. تهران: آگاه.
قورچیان، نادر؛ آراسته حمیدرضا؛ و جعفری، پریوش (1383). دایرهالمعارف آموزش عالی. تهران: بنیاد دانشنامه نگاری ایران.
کومبز، جرالد؛ و دنیلز، رولی (1387). پژوهش فلسفی: تحلیل مفهومی. (خسرو باقری، مترجم). در شورت و همکاران، روش¬شناسی مطالعات برنامه درسی (ص 66-43). ترجمه محمود مهرمحمدی و همکاران. تهران: انتشارات سمت.
لیوتار، ژان، فرانسوا (1394). وضعیت پستمدرن (گزارشی درباره دانش). (حسینعلی نوذری، مترجم). تهران: گام نو.
هرست، پل؛ و پیترز، ریچارد (1389). منطق تربیت. (فرهاد کریمی، مترجم). تهران: شرکت انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی.
هومبلت، فون، ویلهلم (1395). دربارهی سازمان درونی و بیرونی نهادهای دانشی عالی در برلین (میثم سفید خوش، مترجم). تهران؛ بابل 3. 16-32.
یاسپرس، کارل (1390). کانت. (میر عبدالحسین نقیبزاده، مترجم). تهران: طهوری.
یمنی، محمد (1393). رویکردها و چشماندازهای نو در آموزش عالی. تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی.
Aris, R. (1965). History of political thought in Germany from 1789 to 1815. London: Fr. Cass.
Bakhurst, D. (2011). The formation of reason. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Bauer, W. (2003). On the Relevance of Bildung for Democracy. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 35(2), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-5812.00020
Bruford, W. H. (1975). The German tradition of self-cultivation: 'Bildung' from Humboldt to Thomas Mann. London: Cambridge University Press.
Danner, H. (1994). Bildung - A basic term of German education. Educational Sciences, 9, 1-26. Retrieved April 06, 2013, from http://www.helmut-danner.info/pdfs/German_term_Bildung.pdf
Humboldt, W., & Flitner, A. (1993). Schriften zur Politik und zum Bildungswesen. Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchges.
Humboldt, V, W (2000): Theory of Bildung. In: Westbury, I., Hopmann, & S., Riquarts, K. (Eds.): Teaching as reflective practice. The German didaktik tradition. (pp. 57–61). London. Routledge.
Humboldt, V, W; Burrow, J. W. (2009, ©1969).The limits of state action. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
Horlacher, R. (2004). Bildung – A construction of a historyof philosophy of education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 23(5), 409–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-004-4452-1
Klafki, W. (2000). The significance of classical theories of Bildung for a contemporary concept of Allgemeinbildung. In I. Westbury, S. Hopmann, & K. Riquarts (Eds.), Teaching as a Reflective Practice: The German Didaktik Tradition. L. Erlbaum Associates.
Konrad, Franz-michael (2012). Wilhelm Von Humboldt’s Contribution to a Theory of Bildung. In: Siljander, P, Kivelä, & A, Sutinen, A. (Eds.): Theories of Bildung and growth. Connections and controversies between continental educational thinking and American pragmatism. (pp. 107–124).Rotterdam, Boston: Sense Publishers.
Kors, A. C. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Laros, A., Fuhr, T., & Taylor, E. W. (Eds.). (2017). Transformative Learning Meets Bildung: An International Exchange. International Issues in adult Education: Volume 21. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-797-9
Løvlie, L. (2002). The Promise of Bildung. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 36(3), 467–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00288
Løvlie, L., & Standish, P. (2002). Introduction: Bildung and the idea of a liberal education. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 36(3), 317–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00279
Luth, C. (1998). On Wilhelm von Humboldt's Theory of Bildung Dedicated to Wolfgang Klafki for his 70th birthday. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 30(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/002202798183756
Oelkers, J. (1999). The Origin of the Concept of “Allgemeinbildung” in 18th Century Germany. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 18(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005131203479.
Oelkers, J. (2011, December 9). The German Concept of “Bildung” then and now. Lecture presented at European College of Liberal Arts, Berlin.
Östling, J. (2018). Humboldt and the modern German university: An intellectual history. Lund: Lund University Press.
Readings, B. (1999). The university in ruins. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Schneuwly, B., & Vollmer, H. J. (2018). Bildung and subject didactics: exploring a classical concept for building new insights. European Educational Research Journal, 17(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904117696096
Tröhler, D. (2012). The German idea of Bildung and the Anti-Western Ideology. In Theories of Bildung and Growth: Connections and Controversies Between Continental Educational Thinking and American Pragmatism (pp. 149–164). Rotterdam: SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-031-6_10
Wimmer, M. (2001). The Gift of Bildung. Reflections on the relationship between singularity and justice in the concept of Bildung, in: G. J. J. Biesta & D. Egéa-Kuehne (eds), Derrida & Education (London and New York, Routledge), pp. 150–175.
Wittrock, B. (1993). The modern university: The three transformations. In S. Rothblatt & B. Wittrock (Eds.), The European and American University since 1800 (pp. 303-362). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511720925.010
Wulf, C. (2003). Perfecting the Individual: Wilhelm von Humboldt's concept of anthropology, Bildung and mimesis. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 35(2), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-5812.t01-1-00022