تحلیل و ارزیابی شواهد فلسفی، عصب¬شناختی و تربیتی هوش¬های چندگانه گاردنر
محورهای موضوعی :
1 - دانشگاه تهران
کلید واژه: گاردنر, هوش, هوش¬های چندگانه, بهره هوشی,
چکیده مقاله :
نظریه هوش‌های چندگانه گاردنر، یکی از پرنفوذترین نظریه‌ها در حوزه شناخت هوش و ظرفیت‌های شناختی ذهن انسان می‌باشد. این نظریه به‌طور گسترده از سوی کارگزاران تربیتی در سطح دنیا، مورد پذیرش قرار گرفت و مقالات و کتاب‌های متعددی برای شیوه اثرگذاری و هدایت فرایندهای تربیتی بر مبنای این دیدگاه شکل گرفت. اما هم‌زمان نقدهای سختی نیز از زوایای فلسفی، عصب‌شناختی و تربیتی به این دیدگاه وارد شده است. در کشور ما این نقدها مورد توجه قرار نگرفته و این دیدگاه با استقبالی کم‌نظیر به کار بسته شده و حتی به اسناد رسمی نیز راه یافته است. این مقاله با رویکردی تحلیلی، در سه حوزه فلسفی، علم اعصاب و تربیتی نقدهای وارد شده به این دیدگاه را مورد تحلیل قرار داده است و پاسخ‌های گاردنر و مدافعان دیدگاه وی را مورد سنجش قرار داده است. نتایج بررسی و تحلیل حاکی از آن است که دیدگاه گاردنر به‌رغم پذیرش گسترده، با ابهامات و کاستی‌های جدی مواجه است و لازم است در کاربرد آن احتیاط لازم صورت پذیرد.
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is one of the most influential theories in the field of intelligence and cognitive abilities of the human mind. In short, this theory is accepted by educational agents in the world, and numerous articles and books were written based on this point of view. But at the same time, there have been harsh criticisms from philosophical, neurological and educational angles to this view. In our country, these criticisms have been ignored, and this point of view enthusiastically has been welcomed and has even made its way into official documents. While, it has been faced with many counterevidence and its foundations have been faced with harsh criticisms that have often remained unanswered. With an analytical approach, this article has analyzed the criticisms made to this view in three fields of philosophy, neuroscience and education, and has evaluated the responses of Gardner and the defenders of his view. The results of investigation and analysis indicate that Gardner's point of view, despite its wide acceptance, is faced with serious ambiguities and shortcomings and it is necessary to be careful in its application.
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